Some interesting links that I have found:
Search Engines:
Electrostatic Machines:
- Electrostatic Machines
that I have built, machines built by others, and extensive materials,
with many pictures and full references, about most of the known types
of electrostatic machines.
- Máquinas
Eletrostáticas, uma descrição dos
modelos principais, com muitas figuras e textos descritivos, em
português.
- Exposição "Raios Artificiais",
na UFRJ em 2002.
- Mostra definitiva
sobre raios artificiais no Espaço COPPE, a partir de 2005.
- Science Hobbist
page. Includes some items about electrostatic machines.
- Theater of
Electricity, at the Museum of Science, Boston, USA. The first large
Van de Graaff generator, built in the 1930's, is now there. Many good
pictures and informations on-line.
- The Gemmary sells old
scientific instruments and books. There is also an interesting forum on old
instruments.
- PV
Scientific Instruments sells electrostatic machines and other
devices. Has also reprints of
old books.
- Electropolis. A
museum in France devoted to electricity.
- Ecole
Polytechnique. In France. Some interesting pictures
of unusual machines (including the machines of Armstrong and
Carré, and a double Holtz machine) with descriptions. Some data
about the builders is also available.
- Transylvania
University Museum. Look for the quadruple Toepler-Holtz machine.
There are also other machines and curious demonstration devices that
work with static electricity.
- Museo
per la Storia dell'Universita di Pavia. In Italy. Many
electrostatic items.
- The Bakken Library and Museum.
Several machines on display and interesting informations.
- Electrostatic
Applications. Source for books about modern applications of
electrostatics, and other informations.
- Teylers museum,
in the Netherlands. Displays the large electrostatic machine built by
van Marum in the XVIII century.
- Museum of Science and
Industry, in Chicago, USA. The large machine built by James
Wimshurst in 1885 is on display there (not on-line, but see it here).
- Experiments
at the N. C. State University, USA.
- Museu de
Física da Universidade de Coimbra. In Portugal. Shows
several friction machines and many other instruments.
- A dielectric
machine (Carré machine), at the Williston Northampton
School, USA. Interesting notebook pictures and other instruments too.
- A simple
electrostatic generator using a PVC tube.
- Friction
generators made with PVC parts, an extensive discussion about
Leyden jars, a forum, and some other devices. By Kelly H.
- Several machines, with excellent descriptions, can be found at
this site at the Urbino
University, in Italy.
- Animation of the charging system of a Pelletron, at NEC.
- Several electrostatic machines are in the section about
electricity of the Musee
de la
Physique, by Daniel Giroux, in France.
- An excellent site, with description and plans for a Wimshurst
machine, By François Bossert, In Strasbourg, France.
- A page describing Lorente's
generator, in Spain.
- 1000000
Volts,
by Lyonel Baum, in France. Has many informations about the Van de
Graaff machine, Marx generators, Tesla coils, and other high-voltage
generators.
- Resonance Research
makes Van de Graaff generators and other devices.
- Description of a Wimshurst
machine and a Van de Graaff generator, built by Han van Gelderen.
Contains many pictures and detailed construction details. His Wimshurst
machine can also be seen in my site.
- A good description of the Van
de Graaff generator, at the University of Kentucky, USA.
- Another description of the Van de Graaff
generator.
- O
gerador eletrostático de Van de Graaff, and other
experiments with static electricity, by Luiz Ferraz Netto, in Brazil
(Portuguese) (or here
(old version)). A very complete site about the construction of Van de
Graaff generators.
- Prof. Netto has a great site entitled Feira de Ciências
about basic physics experiments.
- Beautiful classical
experiments with electrostatics, showing nice reproductions of old
instruments. By B. Thomas.
- Some electrostatic
machines, including Righi's electrometer and a Voss machine (not a
Holtz), in the Museo di Fisica dell'Universitá di Bologna, Italy.
- An electromagnetic
miscellany. Contains sections mentioning A. D. Moore (dirods),
hydroelectric machines, and many other subjects related to
electrostatics. By Dr. Colin Pounder.
- A large collection
of electrostatic machines can be seen at the Museo de Fisica, at
Universitá "La Sapienza", in Rome, Italy. Of special interest
are the Wommelsdorf machines.
- This controversial document
contains many references to patents about electrostatic motors and
generators.
- A description of the restoration of Wimshurst
machines, and many other high-voltage projects, by Sam Barros.
- A multiple Toepler-Holtz
machine can be seen at this interesting site about old medical devices.
- Plans for a Dirod
influence machine, and a kit, by Kevin Dunn.
- Description of the construction of a Wimshurst machine,
by Nino Reali, in Italian.
- There is an electrostatic
machine among the stars.
- A simple electrostatic
friction machine, in Italian.
- This site in Austria contains
interesting informations about the Wimshurst machine, Lord Kelvin's
water machine, and many other subjects (some quite weird).
- Museo
del Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Perugia. In
Italy. Many instruments, including a Voss machine (not Holtz) and a
large Wimshurst machine.
- A large Toepler-Holtz
machine, at the Iowa State University, USA.
- A Ramsden machine, a curious Holtz machine with spark gaps at the
neutralizers, and several other instruments, can be seen at this museum,
in Venice, Italy.
- These pages show several interesting devices, including Bennet`s
doubler.
- These pages about science toys, show a very simple Van de Graaff generator,
and other devices.
- Some videos
about electrostatics, at Wake Forest University, USA.
- A
short story of the electric machine, at the University of
Regensburg, in German.
- The section about archaic
electrical instruments here shows some electrostatic machines.
- A site about electrostatic
machines. Mostly materials taken from other sites, including this.
- A Wimshurst
machine, at a museum at the University of Innsbruck, Germany. Looks
as this, with different Leyden jars.
- A Bonetti
machine with simple construction and electronic startup. By Liviu
Vasiliu.
- Instruments for Natural Philosophy,
by Thomas B. Greenslade Jr. Has a large collection of pictures of
electrostatic devices and other old instruments.
- Lateral science, a curious site
that has some old texts about electricity, some serious, others not
so...
- Electrostatic
Arts. They make nice Wimshurst machines with
classical appearance.
- A series of Wimshurst machines, built by Rudolf Veit.
- Istituto
e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Firenze,
Italy. Has a good collection of electrostatic machines, some quite
unusual, on the on-line museum, and a lot of other materials too, as a
digital library.
- Two
small Wimshurst machines, one made with CD disks. In Japanese.
- A big Wehrsen
machine. In this museum
in Bilbao, Spain. The picture is here.
- Electrostatic
Machines, in the Wikipedia.
- Stereographic
cards showing a Holtz machine and a large friction machine (Search
for Dickinson).
- A Wommelsdorf
machine, and other instruments. Several electrostatic machines are
shown, including a rare Wommelsdorf
condenser machine (looks restored).
- A big
machine in Budapest (Wikipedia).
- Bagliori nel
vuoto. An exposition at the Museo di Storia della Fisica -
Universitá degli Studi di Padova. Shows several friction
machines and Holtz machines. Many other instruments too.
- A Holtz
machine of the second kind. Liceo Ginnasio Virgilio Mantova, Italy.
- A Voss
machine. Museo di Fisica "F. Cicognini - G. Rodari", Italy.
- Two dirod machines
and a Wimshurst machine. Japanese.
- A Wimshurst
machine with a different drive mechanism, and many other devices,
as this globe
friction machine, a Holtz
machine, etc. At Fondazione Scienza e Tecnica, Firenze, Italy.
- Two beautiful Holtz
machines (this
is the other) can be seen here,
along with several other machines and instruments. Note the small
friction machines used to start the influence machines.
- Several electrostatic machines are shown in this site: Rapp Instruments.
In German.
- Plans for a Wimshurst
machine. Amateur Work Magazine, 1902.
- A commercial Wimshurst machine,
disassembled.
- A Wimshurst
machine, at Harward University.
- A nice Wimshurst
machine, at the University of Michigan.
- History
of Electrostatic Generators.
- Experiments
with constructed electrostatic generators (German). An interesting
long text (a book, probably) showing a large Wimshurst machine and
other devices.
- In the "Museu virtual"
at the Escola Secundária de Avelar Brotero, Coimbra, Portugal,
large pictures of some electrostatic machines can be seen.
- A simplified
Toepler-Holtz machine. Modern Mechanics, 1930.
- An interesting text about electricity and electrostatic
machines. At the Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand.
- Etranges machines
électriques (French). Shows a rare Wimshurst machine with
large prime conductors.
- A Holtz
machine, at the University of Innsbruck. There are other
instruments, including other electrostatic machines, in this site about
200
years experimental physics.
- A
great collection of old friction and influence machines, and also
many other electrostatic demonstration devices. By Eric Howe, in the
USA.
- Influence
Machines, by James Wimshurst, Scientific American.
- Lichtenberg
figures. Transcription of the original paper. A version
in French. Shows the large electrophorus and the double
electrophorus.
- Beccaria
News. A collection of texts about early electricity. Other texts here (Italian).
- Telegraph
Instruments of Europe. Shows many old instruments, including some
electrostatic machines.
- Electricalia.
Several instruments, restored or rebuilt, including some electrostatic
devices.
Other Sites About the History of
Physics and Electricity:
- The Center for the History
of Physics. Many links and other interesting materials.
- Telegraph's
Lore. A site dedicated to the history of the telegraph.
- American
Artifacts. Contains reproductions of old articles on electric
devices used in medicine.
- A long text
about Otto von Guericke.
- World
of Wireless. The history of Radio.
- WWW
Virtual Library History of Science, Technology & Medicine.
- United
States early radio history, by Thomas H. White. Articles and
extracts about the beginnings of radio.
- Faraday
as A Discoverer, by John Tyndall. Take also a look at the other
texts there.
- Landell
de Moura, Brazilian pioneer of radio. Shows extensive material,
patents, and links.
- Física
e Cultura. Informations about the discovery of X rays and its
repercussion in Brazil.
- Rádios
antigos no Brasil. Old radios, technical informations, historical
material, curiosities, etc., about the evolution of the radio.
- The International
Union of the History and Philosophy of Science has a site with
extensive references about old instruments.
- An article about Zamboni
and his dry pile. By M. Tinazzi.
- The museum of the Lycée de
garçons de Luxembourg shows many instruments, along with
their descriptions in old books and catalogs.
- The "Glasapparate-Museum
zu Cursdorf" shows tubes of the types developed by Geissler,
Crookes, Roentgen, De la Rive, and much more, all of them working. The
director of the museum is Wolfgang Linschmann, Schulstrasse 75, 98744
Cursdorf, Thueringerwald, Germany. Phone: (49)36705-62028.
- How
to construct an efficient wireless telegraph apparatus at a small cost,
by F. Collins. Copy of an old article or the Scientific American, with
plans for a spark radio.
- Twenty First
Century Books. Several texts about the works of Nikola Tesla.
- Online Register of
Scientific Instruments. Shows a few electrostatic machines, but
many other instruments.
- IEEE Virtual Museum. Has
extensive materials about the evolution of electricity and electronics.
- Museu de
Ciência da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora has a rich
collection of old instruments. In Brazil.
- Hauchs Physike Cabinet. Shows
a great collection of old instruments.
- Sparkmuseum, has a very
complete collection covering most of the history of electricity and
magnetism, as this nice collection of old demonstration devices
for electrostatics.
- Js-lehrmittel,
a site in Germany showing nice reproductions of Geissler tubes and
similar devices.
- Mr. Static.
Interesting texts about electrostatics.
- Electricity.
Classic Encyclopedia.
- A scan of the book "The
boy electrician" (1947). From this site.
Other High-Voltage Devices:
- A Tesla coil simulator
program that I wrote. Computes exact solutions for coupled resonator
circuits. Some other programs
are also available, as the Inca
program, that computes inductances and mutual inductances.
- A page showing a set of formulas for the optimum design of a Tesla magnifier,
that I derived.
- Description of an old
Tesla coil system, and some old medical equipment, donated
to the UFRJ Engineering School.
- My transformerless Tesla coil.
- My capacitive transformer
Tesla coil.
- My directly coupled Tesla
magnifier.
- My (almost) classical Tesla
coil, with a flat primary coil and top load tuning.
- Descrição em
português da mesma Bobina de Tesla.
- My 6th-order Tesla magnifier.
- Designing a solid-state Tesla
coil. Ideas about designing a SSTC as a bandpass filter.
- Designing a double resonance
solid-state Tesla coil, for charging a capacitive load.
- Experiments with
flybacks, and a "lifter".
- The Tela Coil Mailing List.
A place where to learn and discuss everything about Tesla coils.
- The Tesla
Ring. A ring of sites about Tesla coils.
- Jochen's High Voltage Page.
High voltage circuits using transformers, ignition coils, voltage
multipliers, etc.
- Snock's
High Voltage Page. Many high-voltage circuits and experiments with
ignition coils, etc..
- High
Voltage Experimenter's Handbook, by Jim Lux. Many useful
informations about high-voltage techniques.
- Bizarre
Stuff. Contains copies of old articles about construction of
induction coils, Leyden jars, and other things.
- A simple "quick and dirty" Marx generator.
- An induction
coil, built by Kurt Schraner.
- The Turn Of The
Century Electrotherapy Museum. Old Tesla coils and similar devices
used in electrotherapy.
- Electrostatic
demonstration devices.
- Dr. Megavolt. Impressive
demonstrations with Tesla coils.
- High Voltage Info. A
collection of articles about high voltage.
- Tesla Universe. Has
all the issues of TCBA News online.
Electronics:
Digital libraries:
- Project Gutenberg.
Classical texts
- Medieval
Sourcebook. Many texts from various origins, covering the Middle
Age.
- Internet Classics
Archive. Classical texts.
- The Perseus Digital
Library. Classical texts, with references and links.
- Gallica. An exceptional
collection of old books and periodicals on many subjects, including
good collections of the Comptes Rendus, Philosophical Transactions,
Annalen der Physik, etc.
- Internet Library of
Early Journals. A collection of 18th and 19th century periodicals.
- Le Conservatoire
numérique des Arts & Métiers. Many
old books, including several classical books about electricity, and a
collection of La Nature.
- Physical Review Online Archive.
Physical Review, since 1893 (requires subscription).
- JSTOR. The Scholarly Journal
Archive. Many old periodicals. Of special interest are the journals
about mathematics (requires subscription).
- The Virtual
Laboratory, In the Max Plank Institute for the History of Science.
The library section contains a great collection of scanned texts,
including complete Max
Kohl trade catalogs, and a catalog by Robert Voss
showing Voss and Wimshurst machines.
- IoP Electronic Journals.
Several periodicals available, some going to the XIX century (requires
subscription).
- Instruments
for Science, 1800-1914. Trade catalogs, including a Kax Kohl
catalog (lower resolution than the one above), and many others with
similar materials.
- Portal
de periódicos da CAPES. Eighteen Century Collections Online
(requires subscription).
- Nature,
XIX century (~1870), at the University of Wisconsin. OCR versions.
- Institute and
Museum of the Story of Science, Florence, Italy.
- Kinematic Models for
Design, Cornell University, USA.
- Jubilotèque.
UPMC.
- Google Book Search. Finds
many old books and periodicals, including the rare "A
Journal of
Natural Philosophy Chemistry and the Arts" (Nicholson's Journal),
from
the New York Public Library.
- Internum
- Aristhot. Several old scanned books. (Some with wrong
identification, as Belli's book.)
- Rare Book Room. Good
scans of many old books, including books by Benjamin Franklin.
Hexaflexagons:
- This was an old mania of mine. Here
is some data about my findings, with a catalog of all the hexaflexagons
up to order 10, and a program that designs any possible hexaflexagon.
- Flexagons,
by David King. The most complete site about the subject that I have
found.
- This
site (also this),
contains many references about hexaflexagons and papers about their
theory. By H. V. McIntosh.
- A program
that makes templates for hexaflexagons with pictures on the faces.
- A page with a good list
of links about hexaflexagons.
On-line Book Stores:
Dictionaries:
Metalworking (balls):
Patents:
Forums:
Old computers:
- MSX programs. Software developed or
adapted by me in the 1980's. Em Português.
Created: 1996
Last update: 11 November 2009
Developed and Maintained by Antonio Carlos
M. de Queiroz
