Below are listed the reference books mentioned in the main document, and others related. These books contain the original pictures, data that I used for constructions, and additional informations about electrostatic machines and other related devices.
Books:
[1] L. Graetz, "Die Elektrizitat und ihre Anwendungen", University of
Munich, 1928. (1939 brazilian edition from Editora Melhoramentos, with
title "A Eletricidade".). Many illustrations and a light text about
all aspects of electricity at that time.
[2] O. Murani, "Tratado de Física", G. Gili, Barcelona, 1924. General
physics, with many line drawing pictures.
[3] J. Frick, "Physical Technics; or Practical Instructions for Making
Experiments in Physics", J. B. Lippincott & Co., Philadelphia, 1862. Many
good pictures, and detailed instructions for the construction of many
devices. Shows the Winter machine in detail.
[4] J. Gray, "Electrical Influence Machines", Whittaker & Co., London,
1890. Very complete book with excellent pictures, the complete history
of the development of the electrostatic influence machines, and
practical construction instructions. Available here.
[5] V. E. Johnson, "Modern High-Speed Influence Machines", E. & F. N.
Spon, London, 1922. A review of the last developments by the turn of
the century, and detailed descriptions of experiments made by the author
with more efficient machines.
[6] H. Pellat, "Léçons sur L'Életricité", Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1890. Similar
to the next book.
[7] H. Pellat, "Cours D'Éelectricité", Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1901. Strong
theory, and a good chapter on electrostatic machines, with their history
well described.
[8] R. A. Ford, "Homemade Lightning", McGraw-Hill, 1996. Description
and complete plans for a motorized sectorless Wimshurst machine and for
a Van de Graaff generator. Includes also reprints of old papers and many
experiments with static electricity.
[9] O. D. Chwolson, "Lehrbuch der Physik", 1908. Contains an original
chapter on electrostatic machines, with good pictures and many
references.
[10] A. D. Moore, "Electrostatics, exploring, controlling, and using
static electricity", 2nd edition, Laplacian Press, 1997. Contains much
information about practical uses of electrostatics, and describes many
curious devices that can be used to illustrate, or just to play with,
the subject.
[11] H. Pécheux, "Traité Théorique et Pratique D'électricité", Librarie
Ch. Delagrave, Paris, 1904. Contains a short chapter on electrostatic
machines, showing several Bonetti machines at the end, as the most
advanced at that time.
[12] A. Turpain, "Leçons Élémentaires de Physique", Vuibert et Nony,
Paris, 1906. Contains a short chapter on machines, some photos, and
some more modern material.
[13] O. D. Chwolson, "Tratado de Física", IX, Feliu y Susanna, Barcelona,
1920. The same that [9], in a spanish translation.
[14] C. Drion and É Fernet, "Traité de Phisique Élémentaire", Masson et
Cie, Paris, 1900. A general physics book, with good illustrations.
[15] P. F. Schurmann, "Historia de la Fisica", Editorial Nova, Buenos
Aires, 1945. Biografies of many early researchers, and historical
material.
[16] B. Dibner, "Early Electrical Machines", Burndy Library, Norwalk,
1957. Excellent book on the history of the friction machine.
[17] Catalog from Max Kohl A.-G., Chemnitz, Germany, 1927. Beautiful
catalog with many high-quality engravings of all kinds of instruments.
[18] Catalog from E. Leybold's Nachfolger A.-G., Koln, Germany, 1927. Another
beautiful catalog full of high-quality engravings.
[19] A. F. Weinhold, "Physikalishe Demonstrationen", Johan Ambrosius
Barth, Leipzig, Germany, 1931. Describes in detail the Leyser machine,
Weinhold's version of it, and many other devices.
[20] Sir William Snow Harris, "A Treatise on Frictional Electricity",
Virtue and Co., London, 1867.Good reference about friction machines and
many other electrostatic devices, with construction details discussed.
[21] W. D. Hackmann, "Electricity from Glass, The history of the
frictional electrical machine, 1600-1850," Sijthoff & Noordhoff, The
Netherlands, 1978. Discusses in great historical detail de development
of the frictional machine and its use in the early studies about
electricity. That Latin quote in the main page is written in a machine
shown in the book..
[22] Catalog from E. Leybold's Nachfolger A.-G., Cologne, Germany, 1921. Similar
to [18], but with some different instruments shown.
[23] John Gray, "Les Machines Électriques a Influence," Gauthiers-Villars
et Fils, Paris, 1892. A French translation of [4], or a posterior
edition, with some added material.
[24] Julien Lefèvre, "Dictionnaire d'Électricité et de Magnétisme," J.- B.
Bailliére et Fils, Paris, 1891. A beautifully illustrated book,
covering all aspects of the area at that time.
[25] P. A. Daguin, "Traité Élémentaire de Physique," Lib. Ch. Delagrave,
Paris, 1878. Has a good chapter on electrostatic machines, up to the
Holtz machines.
[26] V. Schaffers, "La machine à influence". Gauthier-Villars, 1908. Extensive,
very complete book about influence machines.
[27] F. Luscia, "La Tecnologia delle Macchine Elettrostatiche," Giulio
Vannini, Brescia, Italy, 1928. A good review of everything from
friction machines to the influence machines of the early 20th century.
Contains many references.
[28] M. E. Mascart, "Traité D'Électricité
Statique," Libraire de L'Académie de Médecine, Paris, 1876. An
important reference work, going up to the Holtz machines.
[29] V. Schaffers, "Essai sur la Théorie des Machines Électrique a
Influence," Gauthier-Villars & Fils, Paris, 1898. Extract from the
Annales de la Societé scientifique de Bruxelles, 1898. Describes all the
classic machines, with simple schematic drawings. Many references.
[30] S. R. Bottone, "Radiography and the 'X' Rays," Whittaker & Co.,
New York, 1898. Describes how to make early X ray machines, and
includes detailed construction details of a Wimshurst machine
[31] J. L. Breton, "Rayons Cathodiques et Rayons X," Librairie E. Bernard
et Cie., Paris, 1897. Illustrated book with extensive material about
early X ray systems. Shows a Bonetti machine.
[32] L. Graetz, "Handbuch der Elektrizität und des Magnetismus," Verlag
von Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig, 1912. Contains an excellent chapter on
influence machines, written by W. Schmidt (I have seen only this part of
the book).
[33] J. A. Fleming, "The
Principles of Electric Wave Telegraphy and Telephony," 2nd. ed.,
Longmans, Green, and Co., London, 1910. An extensive book about early
radio systems (nothing about electrostatics).
[34] Catalog from the Alfred Wehrsen company, Berlin, Germany, 1921. Describes
the insulated Holtz-type machine known as the Wehrsen machine,
Wommelsdorf's idea. Describes also Wimshurst machines and accessories.
[35] A. Partzsh, "Handbuch der Voltana-Experimente". Complement of
[34] (apparently) with detailed descriptions of the use of the "Voltana"
Wimshurst machines and accessories. Partial
text.
[36] A. Turpain, "La Télégraphie sans Fil et les Applications Pratiques
des Ondes Électriques," 2nd. edition, Gauthiers-Villars, Paris, 1908. Nice
book about early oscillatory circuits and radio. Shows some
electrostatic machines.
[37] J. L. Heilbron, "Electricity in the 17th and 18th Centuries," Dover
publications inc., New York, 1999. Extensive discussion about the
initial development of electricity. Not much about machines, but many
interesting informations.
[38] L'Électricité a l'exposition de 1900. (details to complete). Extensive
description of the state of the art in electricity by 1900.
[39] Ulrich Neubert, "Elektrostatische Generatoren," Verlag von R.
Oldenbourg, München und Berlin, 1942. Discusses mainly Van de Graaff
generators for research applications, but other devices too.
[40] Noël J. Felici, "Elektrostatische Hochspannungs-Generatoren and ihre
industrielle Anwendung," Verlag G. Braun, Karlsruhe, 1957. Extensive
discussion of Felici generators and other devices.
[41] "Una Scuola nel Tempo - documenti e collezioni dell'Istituto Tecnico
Pier Crescenzi," Edizioni Grafis -Bologna1995.
[42] Augusto Righi, "La Telegrafia Senza Filo," Bologna, 1905.
[43] Henry M. Noad, "Lectures on Electricity," George Knight and Sons,
London, 1841.
[44] Philip Atkinson, "Elements of Static Electricity," W. J. Johnston
Company, New York, 1896. Has good descriptions of the classic
machines and other devices.
[45] H. Wommelsdorf, "Die Kondensatormaschine mit Doppeldrehung," Dr. Ing.
thesis, Königlischen Technischen Hochshule zu Berlin, 1904. Thesis
describing condenser machines with double rotation, or improved
Wimshurst machines.
[46] Berliner Elektros Gesellschaft, "Manual of Static Electricity,
~1912." Booklet describing condenser machines and other devices.
[47] Gaston Planté, "Recherches sur
l'Électricité : de 1859 à 1879," Gauthier-Villars, 1883. Describes
the rheostatic machine, and other devices.
[48] J. C. Poggendorff, "Biographisch-Literarisches Handwörterbuch der
exakten Naturwissenschaften," Verlag von Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig,
1863, continuously updated with new biographies since then, presently by Wiley
VCH, Berlin. Excellent reference work for biograpies of
scientists and researchers.
[49] Karl Kehrle, "Experimente mit selbstgebauten Influenzmaschinen," Franzis'
Verlag
GmbH, Germany, 2003. Describes the construction of two powerful
motorized Wimshurst machines, with and without sectors, and several
experiments.
[50] Sigaud de la Fond, "Précis
historique
et expérimental des phénomènes électriques, "2nd. ed., Paris, 1785.
[51] Joseph Priestley,"Histoire
de l'électricité," translated from the English, Paris 1771.
[52] William Watson, "Expériences
et
observations
pour servir à l'explication de la nature et des propriétés de
l'électricité," Paris, 1748.
[53] Francis Hauksbee, "Experiences
Psysico-Mechaniques sur différens sujets, Et principalement sur la
Lumiere et l'Electricité, produites par le frottement des Corps" Paris,
1754. French translation from the English original (1709).
[54] P. A. Daguin, "Traité Élémentaire de
Physique," Typographie de Bonnal et Gibrac, Toulouse, 1856. Contains
a rare discussion about doublers (II, p. 392).
[55] G. C. Bohnenberger, "Beschreibung unterschiedlicher
Elektrizitätsverdoppler von einer neuen Einrichtung, nebst einer Anzahl
von Versuchen über verschiedene Gegenstände der Elektrizitätslehre," F. G.
Gottaschen Buchhandlung, Tübingen, 1798. Has descriptions of several
types of doublers. Plates: I,
II,
III,
IV,
V
1. The complete book.
[56] A. Bennet, "New Experiments on Electricity, " Derby, 1789. Has
descriptions of the gold foil electroscope, and the doublers of Bennet
and Nicholson, with many experiments done with them.
A transcription of the book is available here.
[57] Tiberius Cavallo, "A complete treatise of electricity," C. Dilly,
London, 1795. Contains a good
description of doublers, and of the multiplier invented by Cavallo.
Several editions are available at Google Books, but they
appear to be incomplete, or without pictures. The pictures of the fourth
edition (3 volumes) are these.
[58] Albéric Roussel, "La
Franklinisation
réhabilitée," O. Doin (Paris), 1904. Contains
descriptions and pictures of some machines used for electrotherapy.
Attributes the idea of the sectorless machine to Truchot.
[59] K. G. Beauchamp, "Exhibiting
electricity," IET, 1997.
[60] Giuseppe Belli, "Corso elementare di fisica sperimentale," Vol.
III. Società tipografica de' classici italiani, 1838. This
the volume about static electricity of the book. The first two volumes
were published in 1830 and 1831.
[61] A. F. Collins, "Wireless
telegraphy," McGraw, New York, 1905.
[62] A. W. Marshall, "The
Wimshurst machine, how to make and use it," Spon and Chamberlain,
1908. A classical book about the Wimshurst machine, with plans for
several versions and construction tips.
[63] J. Cuthbertson, "Practical
electricity and galvanism," J. Callow, London, 1807. Describes
its plate machine and many experiments. Local copy with pictures from
the second edition.
[64] Reiniger, Gebbert & Schall, "Elektro-medizinische
Apparate und ihre Handhabung," 1905. Trade catalog, showing the
rare Schall machine.
[65]Gustav Heinrich Wiedemann, "Die
Lehre von der Elektricität," F. Vieweg und Sohn, 1893. Contains
another version of the doubler shown in Mascart's book (p. 150).
[66]Ignaz G. Wallentin, "Die
Generatoren hochgespannter Elektricität," A. Hartleben's Verlag,
1884. Electrostatic and other high-voltage generators. Some material
similar to Gray's book..
[67] W. Bernard Carlson, "Innovation as a Social Process: Elihu Thomson
and the Rise of General Electric," Cambridge University Press, 2003. Shows
an interesting drawing of a Holtz machine.
[68] Sylvanus P. Thompson, "Elementary lessons in electricity and
magnetism," MacMillan & Co., London, 1898. Shows the best
schematics of the Voss and Wimshurst machines.
See also these papers and patents.
The ray-tracing drawings were made with Pov-Ray.
Many of the books above I found at the Rare
Book
Library, at the Technology Center of UFRJ.
Some links above point to digital libraries where the original books, and
many others about early electricity, can be found, as the site of Gallica,
of the Conservatoire numérique des Arts et
Métiers, and Google Books
(Some not available in certain countries. Use a proxy in the USA).
1 Scans by Jørgen from Andersen
Developed and Maintained by Antonio
Carlos M. de Queiroz.
Created: 1996.
Last update: 15 December 2018.